掄方向盤是大家每天都要做的事情，可是有突然儀表方向盤故障燈點(diǎn)亮，儀表和顯示屏還提示“主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)失靈！轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)請(qǐng)注意”，你會(huì)不會(huì)很慌？別慌，希望下面的干貨能帶給你心安。
Swing the steering wheel is something that everyone has to do every day, but one day suddenly the instrument steering wheel fault light is on, and the instrument and display screen also prompt "active steering system failure!"! When turning, please pay attention. "Do you panic? Don't panic. I hope the following dry goods can bring you peace of mind.
先了解下寶馬的主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)
First understand BMW's active steering system
1、原理
1, principle
寶馬主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)主要由轉(zhuǎn)向器、轉(zhuǎn)向助力泵(集成液壓泵)、電動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)閥、液壓油儲(chǔ)油罐、液壓油冷卻器和一些執(zhí)行元件組成。它與傳統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)外觀上看類似，只是在傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的齒輪與齒條間增加了雙行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)，用于給前輪提供疊加轉(zhuǎn)向角。
BMW active steering system mainly consists of steering gear, power steering pump (integrated hydraulic pump), electric control valve, hydraulic oil storage tank, hydraulic oil cooler and some actuator components. It is similar to the traditional steering system in appearance, except that a double planetary gear mechanism is added between the gear and rack of the traditional steering system to provide the superimposed steering angle for the front wheels.
也就是說(shuō)，主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)用的是重疊式轉(zhuǎn)向器，它主要由行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)、渦輪、蝸桿傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、伺服電機(jī)、伺服電機(jī)位置傳感器、電磁鎖等組成。主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)根據(jù)車速、轉(zhuǎn)向角等信號(hào)控制伺服電機(jī)，該伺服電機(jī)與蝸桿傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)固定連接在一起并以無(wú)間隙的方式嵌入渦輪內(nèi)，從而得以驅(qū)動(dòng)行星齒輪組件，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)向角、改變轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)比的目的。電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的方向、轉(zhuǎn)速和持續(xù)運(yùn)行時(shí)間由伺服電機(jī)位置傳感器進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，以便計(jì)算冗余轉(zhuǎn)向角。
In other words, the active steering system uses overlapping steering gear, which is mainly composed of planetary gear mechanism, turbine, worm drive mechanism, servo motor, servo motor position sensor, electromagnetic lock, etc. The active steering system controls the servo motor according to the speed, steering angle and other signals. The servo motor is fixedly connected with the worm drive mechanism and embedded in the turbine in a gapless way, so that the planetary gear components can be driven, and the purpose of adjusting the steering angle and changing the steering transmission ratio can be realized. The direction, speed and duration of motor rotation are monitored by servo motor position sensor to calculate redundant steering angle.
2、優(yōu)點(diǎn)
2, advantages
主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)是可變傳動(dòng)比的，也就是說(shuō)轉(zhuǎn)向盤的轉(zhuǎn)角與車輪轉(zhuǎn)角的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系是可變的。那么，主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)就可以根據(jù)具體的行駛情況，在駕駛員轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方向盤的時(shí)候，主動(dòng)增加或減小前輪的轉(zhuǎn)向角。通俗點(diǎn)說(shuō)，就是在車輛靜止或低速的時(shí)候，駕駛員打方向盤只需要一個(gè)小幅度，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)前輪的較大的轉(zhuǎn)向角；而在高速的時(shí)候，駕駛員打方向盤需要一個(gè)很大的幅度，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)前輪一個(gè)較小的轉(zhuǎn)向角，從而消除了高速轉(zhuǎn)向的漂移現(xiàn)象。這樣，不管高速低速，駕駛員都能獲得一個(gè)良好的轉(zhuǎn)向手感。
In active steering system, the steering gear has variable transmission ratio, that is to say, the corresponding relationship between steering wheel angle and wheel angle is variable. Then, the active steering system can actively increase or decrease the steering angle of the front wheels when the driver turns the steering wheel according to the specific driving conditions. Generally speaking, when the vehicle is stationary or at low speed, the driver only needs a small range to turn the steering wheel to achieve a larger steering angle of the front wheel; while at high speed, the driver needs a large range to turn the steering wheel to achieve a smaller steering angle of the front wheel, thus eliminating the high-speed steering drift. In this way, regardless of high speed and low speed, the driver can get a good steering feel.
再來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)失靈的原因
Let's talk about the cause of active steering system failure
1、常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)原因有：
1. There are several common reasons:
a、轉(zhuǎn)向角傳感器故障；
a. Steering angle sensor failure;
b、伺服電機(jī)位置傳感器故障；
b. Servo motor position sensor fault;
如果拿去診斷，發(fā)現(xiàn)有轉(zhuǎn)向角傳感器或伺服電機(jī)位置傳感器相關(guān)的故障碼，那故障點(diǎn)估計(jì)沒(méi)跑，檢查相關(guān)傳感器及其相關(guān)線束一般就能解決。這里要注意的是伺服電機(jī)位置傳感器在4S肯定是不能單獨(dú)換的，所以，如果出保，可以嘗試維修芯片。
If there is a fault code related to the steering angle sensor or servo motor position sensor when it is taken for diagnosis, the fault point is estimated not to run. Generally, it can be solved by checking the relevant sensor and its related harness. It should be noted that the position sensor of servo motor cannot be replaced separately in 4S shop, so if it is out of warranty, you can try to repair the chip.
c、轉(zhuǎn)向柱模塊故障
c. Steering column module failure
這里說(shuō)一個(gè)比較無(wú)語(yǔ)的原因，就是轉(zhuǎn)向柱開(kāi)關(guān)(SZL)內(nèi)部太臟了，導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)角信號(hào)太弱，電腦檢測(cè)不到或者檢測(cè)到的信號(hào)不可信，于是就報(bào)故障了，我們清理干凈就好，特別是轉(zhuǎn)角傳感器清理干凈。這個(gè)問(wèn)題說(shuō)實(shí)話拆卸清理費(fèi)力不賺錢，是讓你換還是給你清理就看你運(yùn)氣了，不過(guò)一般是運(yùn)氣不好哈。
The reason why there is no speech here is that the steering column switch center (SZL) is too dirty, which causes the corner signal to be too weak, the computer can't detect or the detected signal is not credible, so the fault is reported, we can clean it up, especially the corner sensor. To be honest, dismantling and cleaning are laborious and do not make money. It depends on your luck whether you want to change or clean it up, but it's usually bad luck.
這里簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)一下故障原理：轉(zhuǎn)角信號(hào)是由發(fā)光二極管經(jīng)過(guò)透鏡和光柵到達(dá)接收二極管產(chǎn)生，如果透鏡變臟，那么光線傳播過(guò)程中就會(huì)損失，信號(hào)自然就變?nèi)趿恕?/div>
Here's a brief introduction to the fault principle: the corner signal is generated by the light-emitting diode passing through the lens and grating to the receiving diode. If the lens becomes dirty, the light will be lost in the process of propagation, and the signal will naturally become weak.
d、輪速傳感器故障
d. Wheel speed sensor failure
如果儀表還有DSC的故障燈，那輪速傳感器及其線路也可以關(guān)照下。
If the instrument still has the fault lamp of DSC, the wheel speed sensor and its circuit can also be focused on.
2、通信問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)失靈
2. Communication problems lead to active steering system failure
主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)一般是通過(guò)F-CAN總線接受各種傳感器、控制模塊的信號(hào)和數(shù)據(jù)，然后通過(guò)PT-CAN與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電腦、安全和網(wǎng)關(guān)模塊進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，所以如果檢測(cè)出通信問(wèn)題，那可以先排查總線。
Active steering system generally receives signals and data from various sensors and control modules through f-can bus, and then transmits data with engine computer, safety and gateway module through pt-can. If communication problems are detected, the bus can be checked first.
3、方向機(jī)線束老化漏電
3. Aging and leakage of steering harness
如果去診斷沒(méi)明顯的故障碼，又匹配不了方向機(jī)，在懷疑方向機(jī)準(zhǔn)備更換的情況下，不妨檢查下方向機(jī)線束，可能就省錢了呢。
If there is no obvious fault code to diagnose, and it can't match the steering machine, if you suspect that the steering machine is ready to be replaced, you may as well check the wiring harness of the steering machine, which may save money.
4、電瓶存電量不足
4. Storage capacity of battery is insufficient
如果你經(jīng)常冷車啟動(dòng)時(shí)候報(bào)主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向失靈，方向盤很重，可是行駛一段時(shí)間后又一切正常了，那么可以懷疑是不是電瓶不行，要更換了。
If you often report that the active steering fails when you start a cold car, and the steering wheel is heavy, but after a period of driving, everything is normal, then it can be doubted that the battery is not working. It needs to be replaced.
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